After the Arab conquest of Alexandria final the year 646, the Muslims started expanding strongly in northern Africa. Twenty years later Uqba ben Nafi after touring the Black Africa, arrived in Tunisia, where he founded the city of Qayrawan and the first mosque in the Muslim West. In this account we find an echo of the Christian tradition on St. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage and was martyred in 258. Uqba reached the Atlantic coast, where he met the famous Count Julian fight while the Berbers, but on his return he was persecuted and killed in Tahuda, a place in Algeria, which interestingly has an inscription found dated to 359, which mentions the relics of San Cipriano.
The historical fact indisputable is the definitive conquest of Carthage by Musa ben Nusayr to 698. From Carthage the Muslim fleet crosses the western Mediterranean, as Arab sources quoted marine incursions into Sicily, Sardinia, Balearic Islands and, of course, al-Andalus. Meanwhile, the decadent Toledo Visigothic monarchy debate into anarchy after the death of Witiza (710) and the usurpation of the crown by King Rodrigo.
The chronology of the Arab conquest of Hispania is very contradictory and confusing. On the Muslim side there are four players as questionable authenticity stories: Musa ben Nusayr, emir of North Africa, appointed by the Caliph of Damascus Tarif, Tariq, governor of Mauritania, and Mugit al-Rumi. On the Christian side there are four players: Rodrigo, King, Julian, governor of the Straits; Teodomiro, governor of the Carthaginians, and the children of Witiza.
According to Arab sources, Count Julian opened negotiations with Musa to show the weakness of the Visigothic monarchy and invite him to land on the Peninsula. By the way avenge their honor tarnished by the rape of his daughter by the king. Count Don Julian was Gothic lineage, as evidenced by the existence of his descendants settled in the Cordoba Caliphate.
Then Musa sent a Berber called Tarif, who landed on an island with four ships, 400 men and 100 horses. Thereafter he received his name and called Tarifa. North African and Arabic texts, of course, the East did not mention this character and even a Hispano author says Tarifa is named after the founder of a later Muslim heresy and the heretic was also called Tarif. I believe that historians and traditionalist Muslims have invented Tarif figure to explain the etymology of Tarifa.
After this course landing Tarif, Musa ben Nusayr sent his lieutenant Tariq, who landed with 1,700 men, 7,000 or 12,000, according to Arab sources, mostly Berbers, a mountain that took his name, ie Tariq Chabal, or Gibraltar, in the spring of 711. Arab genealogists have made him a Persian, a Berber or Arabic and have given very different genealogies. Arab sources do not agree or the number of combatants who participated in the landing, or chronology, or the exact location of the landing or the route followed. Most of them said that the Muslims arrived in several waves ashore in time for the last king of the Visigoths came with his troops from the north of the Peninsula, where fighting the Basques.
The fighting lasted a week, from 19 July 711 until the 26th of the same year and ended with the defeat and death Rodrigo. The venue featured in the Islamic sources with several names: Wadi Lakk or Rio del Lago, traditionally identified with the Guadalete; Wadi-l-Buhayra or Rio de La Albufera, which may correspond to the Barbate river or lagoon La Janda; Siduna Wadi, Rio de Sidonia, which may be the same Barbate; Wady Umm Hakim, River Umm Hakim, name of a slave who accompanied Tariq and it left on an island that also got its name: Wady Bakka, River Scholarship or Mecca, which may be the Barbate or a misreading of Wady or Guadalete Lakka; Wadi-l-Tin, Mud River, where the king was drowned Rodrigo, and Wadi-l- Sawaqi, River of Ditchingham.
Before his victory, Tariq had occupied the farm of Qartachanna, where according to Muslim tradition, a companion of Muhammad founded the first mosque in the Iberian Peninsula, while the Count Julian kept the rear in its stronghold of al-Chazira al-Khadra. Qartachanna has been identified by the Arabs with the ancient Carteya, current Tower of Cartagena, between Algeciras and Gibraltar and Chazira al-Khadra al- to Algeciras. I believe that Julian was lord of Cadiz and al-Khadra al-Chazira is a simple Arabization Gadeira Island, ie Isle of Cadiz, famous in the ancient world as the western boundary of the known world.
The historical fact indisputable is the definitive conquest of Carthage by Musa ben Nusayr to 698. From Carthage the Muslim fleet crosses the western Mediterranean, as Arab sources quoted marine incursions into Sicily, Sardinia, Balearic Islands and, of course, al-Andalus. Meanwhile, the decadent Toledo Visigothic monarchy debate into anarchy after the death of Witiza (710) and the usurpation of the crown by King Rodrigo.
The chronology of the Arab conquest of Hispania is very contradictory and confusing. On the Muslim side there are four players as questionable authenticity stories: Musa ben Nusayr, emir of North Africa, appointed by the Caliph of Damascus Tarif, Tariq, governor of Mauritania, and Mugit al-Rumi. On the Christian side there are four players: Rodrigo, King, Julian, governor of the Straits; Teodomiro, governor of the Carthaginians, and the children of Witiza.
According to Arab sources, Count Julian opened negotiations with Musa to show the weakness of the Visigothic monarchy and invite him to land on the Peninsula. By the way avenge their honor tarnished by the rape of his daughter by the king. Count Don Julian was Gothic lineage, as evidenced by the existence of his descendants settled in the Cordoba Caliphate.
Then Musa sent a Berber called Tarif, who landed on an island with four ships, 400 men and 100 horses. Thereafter he received his name and called Tarifa. North African and Arabic texts, of course, the East did not mention this character and even a Hispano author says Tarifa is named after the founder of a later Muslim heresy and the heretic was also called Tarif. I believe that historians and traditionalist Muslims have invented Tarif figure to explain the etymology of Tarifa.
After this course landing Tarif, Musa ben Nusayr sent his lieutenant Tariq, who landed with 1,700 men, 7,000 or 12,000, according to Arab sources, mostly Berbers, a mountain that took his name, ie Tariq Chabal, or Gibraltar, in the spring of 711. Arab genealogists have made him a Persian, a Berber or Arabic and have given very different genealogies. Arab sources do not agree or the number of combatants who participated in the landing, or chronology, or the exact location of the landing or the route followed. Most of them said that the Muslims arrived in several waves ashore in time for the last king of the Visigoths came with his troops from the north of the Peninsula, where fighting the Basques.
The fighting lasted a week, from 19 July 711 until the 26th of the same year and ended with the defeat and death Rodrigo. The venue featured in the Islamic sources with several names: Wadi Lakk or Rio del Lago, traditionally identified with the Guadalete; Wadi-l-Buhayra or Rio de La Albufera, which may correspond to the Barbate river or lagoon La Janda; Siduna Wadi, Rio de Sidonia, which may be the same Barbate; Wady Umm Hakim, River Umm Hakim, name of a slave who accompanied Tariq and it left on an island that also got its name: Wady Bakka, River Scholarship or Mecca, which may be the Barbate or a misreading of Wady or Guadalete Lakka; Wadi-l-Tin, Mud River, where the king was drowned Rodrigo, and Wadi-l- Sawaqi, River of Ditchingham.
Before his victory, Tariq had occupied the farm of Qartachanna, where according to Muslim tradition, a companion of Muhammad founded the first mosque in the Iberian Peninsula, while the Count Julian kept the rear in its stronghold of al-Chazira al-Khadra. Qartachanna has been identified by the Arabs with the ancient Carteya, current Tower of Cartagena, between Algeciras and Gibraltar and Chazira al-Khadra al- to Algeciras. I believe that Julian was lord of Cadiz and al-Khadra al-Chazira is a simple Arabization Gadeira Island, ie Isle of Cadiz, famous in the ancient world as the western boundary of the known world.
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